Compare a hazard and risk assessment with a safety case.

• A. Hazard and risk assessment is for hazards in general; a safety case is only for legal compliance.
• B. Hazard and risk assessment analyzes hazards for a task or area; a safety case is a structured argument and evidence showing overall system safety for high-risk operations.
• C. They are the same thing in different terminology.
• D. A safety case analyzes cost efficiency, while hazard and risk assessment analyzes safety.

Answer: (D)

Hazard and risk assessment identifies hazards for a task or system and evaluates the risks to determine what controls are needed. A safety case is a structured argument, supported by evidence, that the entire system can operate safely in its intended environment, especially in high-risk operations. It brings together hazard analyses, risk controls, safety management processes, testing, and verification into a coherent justification that safety goals are met. The risk assessment provides the factual basis for the safety case, but the safety case itself is about assurance to regulators and stakeholders that the system is acceptably safe overall, not about cost or efficiency. So, they are related but serve different purposes: one identifies and mitigates risks at a detailed level, the other demonstrates overall system safety through a reasoned, evidence-backed argument.